What is an 'absolute' and how does it differ from a steam-distilled essential oil?

What is an "Absolute"?

Hey there! As someone who enjoys aromatherapy, let me briefly explain what an "absolute" is. An absolute is a concentrated essence extracted from plants, typically using chemical solvents (like alcohol or hexane) to "dissolve" flowers, leaves, or other plant parts. The solvent is then evaporated, leaving behind this super-concentrated, oily substance. It's particularly suitable for delicate plants such as roses or jasmine, as steam distillation could easily damage their fragrance.

Simply put, an absolute is like a comprehensive extract of the plant. It retains more components, including less volatile elements, so its scent often more closely resembles the natural aroma of the fresh plant.

How is an Absolute Different from Steam-Distilled Essential Oil?

Steam-distilled essential oils are the most common type. They’re produced by passing hot steam through plant material to "carry away" volatile compounds, which are then cooled and collected. Imagine the condensed droplets on a pot lid carrying the scent of rice while cooking—steam distillation works similarly, capturing only the lighter components that vaporize easily.

Now, comparing absolutes and steam-distilled essential oils, here are a few key differences:

• Extraction Method: Steam distillation uses heat and water without chemical solvents, making it more "natural." Absolutes rely on solvent extraction, a more complex process that captures a broader spectrum of the plant’s essence.
• Composition and Aroma: Steam-distilled oils primarily contain volatile compounds, resulting in a fresher but potentially less nuanced scent. Absolutes include waxes, pigments, and non-volatile elements, delivering a richer, longer-lasting aroma—like the "full-spectrum" version of the plant’s scent. However, absolutes may contain trace solvent residues, so quality matters.
• Usage and Suitable Plants: Steam distillation works best for leaves, seeds, or roots (e.g., lavender or peppermint). Absolutes are ideal for fragile petals, as steam would destroy them. For example, rose absolute smells closer to real roses than rose essential oil.
• Concentration and Price: Absolutes are typically more concentrated and expensive due to lower yields. Steam-distilled oils are more affordable and widely available.

In summary, if you’re new to aromatherapy, steam-distilled essential oils are a safe and accessible starting point. But if you’re seeking a truer representation of a plant’s fragrance, absolutes are a great choice—just be sure to purchase from reputable brands to avoid impurities. Feel free to ask if you have more questions!