Physics Challenge: Which known laws of physics are violated by characteristics such as 'instantaneous acceleration' and 'silent hovering' described in UFO reports?

好的，这个问题非常有意思，它触及了我们现代物理学的基石。如果那些UFO报告中描述的现象是真实、准确的，那它们确实在很多方面挑战了我们已知的物理学定律。

Let's talk in plain language about what's so mind-boggling about them.

Regarding "Instantaneous Acceleration"

Imagine you're in a car, and the driver slams the accelerator to the floor; you'd immediately be pressed hard against your seat by a force. This is inertia at play. If the "instantaneous acceleration" or "right-angle turns" described in UFO reports were to occur, they would present several major problems:

1. Law of Inertia and G-force (Acceleration Overload)

• What we know in physics: Newton's First Law tells us that objects tend to maintain their state of motion (inertia). To change its state (e.g., from stationary to super high speed), a force must be applied. This acceleration process generates immense "G-forces." Even our best fighter pilots, wearing specialized G-suits, can only withstand an overload of about 9 Gs (9 times the acceleration of gravity); any higher and they would lose consciousness or even die.
• The UFO Challenge: The kind of "instantaneous acceleration from hover to several times the speed of sound" or "90-degree sharp turns at high speed" described in reports would generate G-forces of hundreds or even thousands of Gs. Under such forces:
  • For the occupants: Any known biological entity, even a fly, would instantly be flattened into a pancake.
  • For the craft itself: Any known material, whether titanium alloy or carbon fiber, would be torn to shreds by this terrifying force. It's like trying to accelerate a car from 0 to 200 km/h in 0.01 seconds; the car body would simply disintegrate first.

Therefore, "instantaneous acceleration" first and foremost violates the limitations imposed by the law of inertia on both the object's structure and its internal occupants.

2. Law of Conservation of Momentum

• What we know in physics: If you want to run forward, your feet push backward against the ground; if a rocket wants to fly, it must expel a large amount of gas backward. This is Newton's Third Law – action and reaction – and also a manifestation of momentum conservation. For a system to gain momentum, it must eject something in the opposite direction.
• The UFO Challenge: Most UFO reports state that these craft, when performing their incredible accelerations, do not expel anything. No flames, no air currents, nothing at all. This is like a swimmer instantly "teleporting" from one end of the pool to the other without stroking. This completely violates the law of conservation of momentum. Where does it get the reaction force from? This is a huge mystery.

Regarding "Silent Hovering"

Hovering means there must be a force to counteract Earth's gravity.

1. Action and Reaction Force

• What we know in physics: Currently, the ways we achieve hovering all involve "pushing something downwards" to gain an upward reaction force.
  • Helicopters: Use large rotors to push air downwards. This process is very violent, which is why helicopter noise is deafening.
  • Harrier Jump Jet: Directs its engine nozzles downwards, expelling hot, high-velocity air. The noise and heat are even more astonishing.
• The UFO Challenge: "Silent" means it's not counteracting gravity by massively disturbing the air or expelling propellant. For an object weighing several tons or even tens of tons to hover in mid-air without any discernible effect on the surrounding air makes no sense. Where does its upward supporting force come from? This once again violates Newton's Third Law.

2. Law of Conservation of Energy

• What we know in physics: Counteracting gravity requires continuous energy consumption. Helicopters burn fuel, drones consume electricity. The process of energy conversion and use always comes with byproducts, such as heat, sound, light, etc.
• The UFO Challenge: When an object hovers, its energy is continuously converted into "potential energy" to counteract gravity. If this process is "silent," and even significant heat radiation cannot be detected, then its energy conversion efficiency would be close to 100%, and it would be operating in a way we completely don't understand. This is like a powerful engine running at full load, yet you hear no sound and feel no heat, which is thermodynamically impossible.

In Summary

If UFO reports are true, then the characteristics they exhibit at least violate or transcend the following core laws of physics:

• Newton's Three Laws of Motion: Inertia, the relationship between acceleration and force, and action-reaction.
• Law of Conservation of Momentum: How acceleration is achieved without expelling propellant.
• Laws of Conservation of Energy and Thermodynamics: Where the energy required to counteract gravity comes from, and why there's no observable energy dissipation (sound, heat).

Therefore, when scientists are interested in these phenomena, they aren't simply thinking "those are aliens." Instead, they feel that if even a small portion of these observational data is true, it could imply the existence of entirely new principles of physics that we haven't yet mastered. For example, they might not move by "propulsion" but by some means (e.g., locally "warping" spacetime) to change their position in the universe. Of course, this completely enters the realm of theoretical physics and science fiction.