Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which over time leads to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The condition arises either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar) or because the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.

Types of Diabetes

There are several types of diabetes, each with different causes and characteristics. The most common forms are Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes.

Global Impact and Statistics

Diabetes is a major global health issue with a rapidly growing prevalence.

Common Symptoms

Recognizing the signs of diabetes is crucial for early diagnosis and management. Common symptoms include:

• Frequent urination (Polyuria)
• Increased thirst (Polydipsia)
• Increased hunger (Polyphagia)
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
• Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands or feet (in Type 2)

Management and Prevention

While there is no cure for diabetes, it can be managed effectively.

• Management: The cornerstone of diabetes management is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This includes a balanced diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight, and avoiding tobacco use. Depending on the type, management also involves regular blood sugar monitoring and medication (such as oral drugs or insulin therapy).

• Prevention: A healthy lifestyle can effectively prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 diabetes. Key preventive measures include achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight and engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week.