What are "Usucha" (thin tea) and "Koicha" (thick tea)? What are the differences?

Thin Tea (Usucha)

Thin tea is a type of Japanese matcha tea, meaning "thin tea." It is made with less matcha powder (typically 1.5-2 grams) and more hot water (about 70-80 ml), resulting in a light, smooth texture with a subtly sweet aftertaste. In tea ceremonies, thin tea is often served during daily practice or casual gatherings, where each guest drinks from their own bowl, creating an intimate and relaxed atmosphere.

Thick Tea (Koicha)

Thick tea is another style of matcha tea, meaning "thick tea." It uses more matcha powder (typically 3-4 grams) and less hot water (about 40-50 ml), creating a dense, paste-like consistency with a bold, bitter, and rich flavor. Thick tea is typically served during formal tea ceremonies (e.g., the climax of a gathering), where multiple guests share one bowl, symbolizing unity and solemnity. It requires the highest quality matcha powder.

Differences Between Thin Tea and Thick Tea

Key distinctions include:

• Consistency & Texture:

  • Thin Tea: Thinner, liquid-like consistency, easy to drink.
  • Thick Tea: Very thick, paste-like, sipped slowly.

• Preparation:

  • Thin Tea: Less powder (1.5-2g), more water (70-80ml), gently whisked.
  • Thick Tea: More powder (3-4g), less water (40-50ml), vigorously kneaded.

• Serving Style:

  • Thin Tea: One bowl per person, individually served.
  • Thick Tea: One bowl shared among guests, passed sequentially.

• Occasion:

  • Thin Tea: Ideal for daily practice, informal gatherings, or beginners.
  • Thick Tea: Reserved for formal ceremonies (e.g., chaji), emphasizing solemnity and tradition.

• Taste & Experience:

  • Thin Tea: Light, subtly sweet, highlighting matcha’s delicate aroma.
  • Thick Tea: Intense, bitter, with profound richness.

• Tea Quality:

  • Thin Tea: Standard or mid-grade matcha powder.
  • Thick Tea: Must use premium matcha (e.g., "koicha-grade") for authentic flavor.

In summary, thin tea embodies accessibility and ease, while thick tea reflects the depth and ritual of tea culture—both coexisting as complementary practices in matcha tradition.