What are "Usucha" and "Koicha"? What are the differences between them?
Definitions of Usucha and Koicha
Usucha (Thin Tea)
Usucha, known as "薄茶" in Japanese, is a relatively thin matcha beverage in the Japanese tea ceremony. It uses a smaller amount of matcha powder (typically about 1.5-2 grams) and more hot water (approximately 60-70 ml), whisked rapidly with a chasen (bamboo whisk) to create a fine foam. With its refreshing, slightly bitter taste and subtle tea aroma, usucha is commonly enjoyed daily or at informal gatherings, typically served individually in separate bowls. Lower-grade matcha powder suffices for preparation, making it suitable for beginners or casual settings.
Koicha (Thick Tea)
Koicha, referred to as "浓茶" in Japanese, is an exceptionally thick matcha beverage in the tea ceremony. It requires a large amount of matcha powder (usually 3.5-4 grams) and less hot water (about 30-40 ml), slowly mixed with a chasen to form a paste-like consistency with minimal foam. Koicha boasts a rich, intense, and sweet flavor with a pronounced tea fragrance. Reserved for formal tea ceremonies (such as chaji), it is often shared from a single bowl among multiple participants, symbolizing harmony and respect. Only the highest-quality matcha (designated "koicha-grade") must be used, as its concentration amplifies any flaws.
Differences Between Usucha and Koicha
Key distinctions are summarized below:
| Aspect | Usucha (Thin Tea) | Koicha (Thick Tea) |
|---|---|---|
| Consistency & Texture | Thin; whipped into abundant foam with a light texture. | Very thick; mixed into a paste-like consistency with almost no foam. |
| Preparation Ratio | Less matcha (1.5-2 grams), more water (60-70 ml). | More matcha (3.5-4 grams), less water (30-40 ml). |
| Taste & Flavor | Refreshing, slightly bitter, delicate aroma, easy to drink. | Rich, intense, sweet, robust aroma, lingering aftertaste. |
| Occasion | Daily consumption, informal gatherings, casual settings. | Formal tea ceremonies (e.g., chaji), emphasizing ritual and sharing. |
| Serving Style | Typically one bowl per person. | Shared from a single bowl, symbolizing unity and respect. |
| Matcha Quality | Lower-grade acceptable; standard matcha suffices. | Highest-grade essential ("koicha-grade"); flaws are magnified. |
| Cultural Significance | Represents an accessible, relaxed tea experience. | Embodies tradition and solemnity; used in significant ceremonies. |
In summary, usucha and koicha represent two fundamental forms of matcha in the Japanese tea ceremony, differing primarily in concentration, preparation, and cultural purpose: usucha emphasizes accessibility and informality, while koicha embodies ritual depth and formality.